JOURNEY AND THE BREHM MODEL
OF THE MÖBIUS BAND

In 1990 Ronnie Brown visited John Robinson with the French geometer Bernard Morin who has been blind since the age of 5. John laid out a range of maquettes for Bernard to see with his hands. One of the perceptive comments Bernard made was that John was a modest person, as shown by the way he can obtain an effect without dazzling technical means. An example is Eclipse (not shown here) which is made from two offset hemispheres of bronze, with differing surfaces.

Bernard Morin showed us the Brehm model of the Möbius Band, and JOURNEY is John Robinson's version of this.

There is a space known to Mathematicians as the " Projective Plane". It has relations to the notion, used in technical drawing of projection, which concerns looking at a model or object from different viewpoints.

However there is no way of building this projective plane in our 3-dimensional space. This is a mathematical fact, a theorem, but a little experiment will convince you that a disc of cloth cannot be sewn onto the edge of a möbius band. The way in which an attempt at this process gets tangled up shows that there might be a model which crosses itself.

The first of these models was produced by Boy, a student of Hilbert, at the end of the last century. A remarkable model with flat faces has recently been discovered by U Brehm. First one makes three "horses heads".

The crucial feature of these is that the lengths of the parts AB and CD are to be the same. Also there is a right angle at BCD. These three horses heads are glued together so that the part AB of one is attached to CD of another.The result is a Möbius Band. You can make this model for your self.

Now to form the projective plane, seven more triangles have to be added.

Four of them,

are added on the outside and cause no problems, but it is a good idea to cut a hole in the middle of the first triangle so that you can see inside.

The three interior triangles

intersect each other and the three horses, so to make the model you have to cut holes in the triangles. Detailed instructions for making this model are in Brehm's article.

• Borromean Rings - what they are and why they don't exist!
• The Möbius Band - what one looks like, experiments to try, and a beautiful rotating golden one enabling you to really see what one looks like in 3D (this is optional as 90Kb).
• The Projective Plane (88Kb), (95Kb) - two pages explaining how to create and understand the projective plane although it is not possible physically to construct it. Also, the relation to the Brehm Model of the Möbius Band, and the Dirac String Trick.
• Fibre Bundles - what they are, how to make them, and examples of them in John Robinson's Work.
• Knots and Links - Introduction to the subject of Knot Theory, includes history of the subject, and a rotating mathematically constructed Immortality (the trefoil being one of the most basic knots).
• Torus Knots - two pages explaining the basics about torus knots with the help of excellent colourful graphics. There are also 3D moving images of John Robinson's sculptures of the Gordian Knot and the Rhythm of Life.
• Fractals 3 pages, introducing Fractals, considering iteration, The Sierpinski Gasket and the applications of the subject.

• Exhibition "Mathematics and Knots"
• Ronnie Brown's Homepage
• John Robinson's Symbolic Sculpture
• Brochure giving a guided Tour around the Symbolic Sculptures at the University of Wales, Bangor.
• About the Centre for the Popularisation of Mathematics